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Salt, is a chemical compound made of sodium and chloride which has been exceptionally important to humans for thousands of years. Salt's ability to preserve food was a foundation of civilization. It helped to eliminate the dependence on the seasonal availability of food and it allowed travel over long distances. However,salt was difficult to obtain, and so it was a highly valued trade item to the point of being considered a form of currency by certain peoples.
However,salt was difficult to obtain, and so it was a highly valued trade item to the point of being considered a form of currency by certain peoples..
There have been two main sources for salt: sea water ,rock salt,lake salt and springs. Rock salt occurs in vast beds of sedimentary evaporite minerals that result from the drying up of enclosed lakes, playas, and seas. Salt beds may be up to 350 m thick and underlie broad areas. Salt is extracted from underground beds either by mining or by solution mining using water. In solution mining the salt reaches the surface as brine, which is then turned into salt crystals by evaporation.
Solar Evaporation Method: In the correct climate (one for which the ratio of evaporation to rainfall is suitably high) it is possible to use solar evaporation of sea water to produce salt. Brine is evaporated in a linked set of ponds until the solution is sufficiently concentrated by the final pond so that the salt crystallizes on the pond's floor.
Open Pan Method: One of the traditional methods of salt production in more temperate climates is using open pans.In open-pan production, salt brine is heated in large, shallow open pans.The earliest examples of this date back to prehistoric times and the pans were made of either a type of ceramic called briquetage, or lead. Later examples were made from iron. This change coincided with a change from wood to coal for the purpose of heating the brine.
Closed Pan Vacuum Method: The open pan salt works has effectively been replaced with a closed pan system where the brine solution is evaporated under a partial vacuum.